2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

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Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are critical cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the host innate immune response and immunity homeostasis. There are 23 NLR family members in humans and at least 34 NLR genes in mice. NLRs are expressed in many cell types including immune cells and epithelial cells, although certain NLR family members are expressed primarily in phagocytes including macrophages and neutrophils. The NLR family are most commonly classified according to their N-terminal domain, falling into one of four subfamilies; NLRA, NLRB, NLRC and NLRP.

The NLRs recognize various ligands from microbial pathogens (peptidoglycan, flagellin, viral RNA, fungal hyphae, etc.), host cells (ATPs, cholesterol crystals, uric acid, etc.), and environmental sources (alum, asbestos, silica, alloy particles, UV radiation, skin irritants, etc.). Most NLRs act as PRRs, recognizing the above ligands and activate inflammatory responses. However, some NLRs may not act as PRRs but instead respond to cytokines such as interferons. The activated NLRs show various functions that can be divided into four broad categories: inflammasome formation, signaling transduction, transcription activation, and autophagy.

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-108915R
    Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.
    Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate (Standard)
  • HY-12815R
    MCC950 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    MCC950 (Standard) is the analytical standard of MCC950. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. MCC950 (CP-456773; CRID3) is a potent and selective NLRP3 inhibitor with IC50s of 7.5 and 8.1 nM in BMDMs and HMDMs, respectively.
    MCC950 (Standard)
  • HY-N0921R
    Dihydromethysticin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Dihydromethysticin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydromethysticin (HY-N0921). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydromethysticin is an orally active natural active ingredient. Dihydromethysticin can be extracted from Piper methysticum. Dihydromethysticin inhibits carboxylesterase 1 (Ki = 68.2 μM) and CYP2A5. Dihydromethysticin upregulates NLRC3 and induces Apoptosis. Dihydromethysticin exhibits anticancer activity against colorectal cancer and lung adenoma.
    Dihydromethysticin (Standard)
  • HY-186149
    Phosphate muramyl dipeptide
    Phosphate muramyl dipeptide is a class of lipophilic derivatives synthesized based on the structural characteristics of mycobacterial cell walls Phosphate muramyl dipeptide can be used for the research of cancer.
    Phosphate muramyl dipeptide
  • HY-N0806R
    Sweroside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sweroside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sweroside (HY-N0806). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside that targets multiple targets, including the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, NLRP3 inflammasome, SIRT1, NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR pathway, and caspase family. Sweroside promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by competitively binding to Keap1. Sweroside also inhibits oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2, inhibits NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating SIRT1, and promotes autophagy and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Sweroside has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and lipid metabolism regulating activities, and can be used in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukemia, acute lung injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other fields.
    Sweroside (Standard)
  • HY-N0699R
    Daphnoretin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin; Thymelol) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Daphnoretin (HY-N0699). This product is used for research and analytical applications. Daphnoretin is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator that can inhibit the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and has antiviral activity. Daphnoretin exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, triggering the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Daphnoretin alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Daphnoretin can regulate the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, by down-regulating the phosphorylation level of JNK, inhibiting its immune stimulating function, thereby playing a protective role in skin transplant rejection reactions.
    Daphnoretin (Standard)
  • HY-N5042R
    Forsythoside I (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Forsythoside I (Standard) is the analytical standard of Forsythoside I (HY-N5042). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Forsythoside I is an orally active caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside (CPG) that can be isolated from Forsythia suspense (Thunb.) Vahl. Forsythoside I has anti-inflammatory activity and can exert a protective effect in a mouse model of acute lung injury.
    Forsythoside I (Standard)
  • HY-134241
    Altechromone A
    Altechromone A is a natural product that can be isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum.
    Altechromone A
  • HY-117123
    Convulxin
    		Inducer
    Convulxin is a toxin found in a tropical rattlesnake. Convulxin stimulates platelet aggregation, and clusters GPVI to trigger Src family kinase activation, Fc receptor γ chain phosphorylation, and p72SYK signaling. Convulxin interacts with Dectin-2 to induce IL-10 production, activates monocytes to generate ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, and induces mitochondrial ROS. Convulxin causes transient arterial blood pressure changes in dogs. Convulxin can be used for research related to coagulation.
    Convulxin
  • HY-155517
    INF200
    		Inhibitor
    INF200 (compound 5) is a sulfonylurea-based inhibitor of NLRP3 and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. INF200 has beneficial cardiometabolic effects in rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metaflammation，and shows anti-inflammatory activity to (10 μM) decreases IL-1β release in human macrophages. INF200 improves glucose and lipid profiles，and attenuates systemic inflammation and biomarkers of cardiac dysfunction (particularly BNP). INF200 also improves myocardial damage-dependent ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in hemodynamic evaluation.
    INF200
  • HY-103666R
    CY-09 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    CY-09 (Standard) is the analytical standard of CY-09 (HY-103666). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. CY-09 is a selective and direct NLRP3 inhibitor. CY-09 directly binds to the ATP-binding motif of NLRP3 NACHT domain and inhibits NLRP3 ATPase activity, resulting in the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation.
    CY-09 (Standard)
  • HY-163179
    NLRP3-IN-28
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-28 (compound N77) is a potent inhibitor of NLRP3. NLRP3-IN-28 inhibits Nigericin (HY-127019)-induced pyroptosis with an EC50 of 0.07μM. NLRP3-IN-28 alleviates the inflammatory reaction in vivo.
    NLRP3-IN-28
  • HY-100712R
    DPO-1 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    DPO-1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of DPO-1 (HY-100712). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DPO-1 is a potent Kv1.5 and Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3.1 μM) channels inhibitor with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. DPO-1 reduces Kv1.3 current density, blunts Ca2+ influx in Ca2+-depleted Jurkat cells, and inhibits IL-2 secretion in activated Jurkat cells. DPO-1 inhibits Uric acid sodium (HY-B2130A) (MSU)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking Kv1.5-mediated K+ efflux. DPO-1 can be used for the study of immunologic disorders and atrial fibrillation.
    DPO-1 (Standard)
  • HY-183889
    p-Ethoxychrysoidin
    		Inhibitor
    p-Ethoxychrysoidin is a benzotriazole-based NLRP3 inhibitor. p-Ethoxychrysoidin can be used in research on inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
    p-Ethoxychrysoidin
  • HY-N6051R
    (-)-Maackiain (Standard)
    		Activator
    (-​)​-Maackiain (Standard) is the analytical standard of (-​)​-Maackiain. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (-)-Maackiain is a pterocarpan phytoalexin produced from Sophora flavescens. (-)-Maackiain is toxic to several genera of fungal pathogens of legume and non legume hosts. (-)-Maackiain enhances the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inhibits the activation of NF-κB pathway, exhibiting thereby immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. (-)-Maackiain is orally active.
    (-)-Maackiain (Standard)
  • HY-176994
    3-Et-3TC
    		Inhibitor
    3-Et-3TC (Page 87, Compound 3b) is a structurally modified derivative of Lamivudine (HY-B0250). 3-Et-3TC can inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and can be used for the study of retinal degenerative diseases.
    3-Et-3TC
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison

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